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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Eye Movements in Visual Duration Perception: Disentangling Stimulus from Time in Predecisional Processes
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Eye Movements in Visual Duration Perception: Disentangling Stimulus from Time in Predecisional Processes

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Time perception is enhanced by task duration knowledge: evidence from experienced swimmers.

Simon Tobin1, Simon Grondin

  • 1École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada. simon.tobin.1@ulaval.ca

Memory & Cognition
|July 19, 2012
PubMed
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Athletes with extensive task duration knowledge accurately estimate time. Prior knowledge of task duration significantly enhances temporal estimation accuracy and reduces uncertainty, even without physical execution.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Sports Science
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Temporal estimation is crucial for athletes' performance.
  • The influence of prior knowledge on time perception is not fully understood.
  • Athletes possess specialized knowledge regarding task durations in their disciplines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of task duration knowledge on temporal estimation in elite athletes.
  • To determine if prior knowledge enhances time perception accuracy and reduces uncertainty.
  • To explore the role of physical execution versus cognitive knowledge in time perception.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Elite swimmers estimated swimming duration for familiar and less familiar strokes.
  • Experiment 2: Swimmers produced 36-second durations under varying conditions affecting knowledge retrieval and with/without a secondary task.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Eye Movements in Visual Duration Perception: Disentangling Stimulus from Time in Predecisional Processes
09:27

Eye Movements in Visual Duration Perception: Disentangling Stimulus from Time in Predecisional Processes

Published on: January 19, 2024

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes
05:12

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

  • Experiment 3: Swimmers estimated time while visualizing familiar (swimming) versus unfamiliar activities.

    • Main Results:

    • Higher task duration knowledge led to more accurate and less uncertain time estimations.
    • When task duration knowledge retrieval was hindered, time production was more susceptible to secondary task interference.
    • Accurate time production was observed even when visualizing a known task without physical execution.

    Conclusions:

    • Task duration knowledge significantly enhances temporal estimation accuracy and precision.
    • Cognitive knowledge of task duration plays a critical role in time perception, independent of physical execution.
    • These findings highlight the importance of prior experience and knowledge in shaping our perception of time.