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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium

The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
Multicellular glands are formed during early development when epithelial budding...

Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands

Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands

Exocrine glands are classified as unicellular and multicellular. The unicellular glands are scattered single cells, such as goblet cells, found in the mucous membranes of the small and large intestines. On the other hand, multicellular exocrine glands develop as secretory sheets, like the internal lining of the abdomen or chest. Such secretory sheets release their secretions directly into the lumen of these organs. In addition, some multicellular glands have deep-seated secretory units to...

Histology of the Small Intestine

Histology of the Small Intestine

The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...

Histology of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
Based on the number of cell layers,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses

Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses

Published on: July 13, 2016

Multinucleated epithelial giant cells in the duodenum.

John Kenneth Schoolmeester¹, Thomas C Smyrk

¹Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

International Journal of Surgical Pathology

|July 19, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Multinucleated giant cells, previously seen in the esophagus and colon, are now identified in the small intestine. These cells, lacking viral causes, may indicate inflammation or cellular damage.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses

Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses

Published on: July 13, 2016

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Pathology
Cell Biology

Background:

Multinucleated epithelial giant cells (MGEs) are documented in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily esophagus and colorectal polyps.
Previous studies linked MGEs to inflammation or hyperplasia.

Observation:

This report details the first observation of MGEs in the small intestine (duodenal villi).
The affected patient was a 30-year-old woman with no concurrent inflammatory or hyperplastic conditions.
The MGEs exhibited numerous homogeneous nuclei (mean 9, range 5-18).

Findings:

Immunohistochemistry was positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3.
Tests for herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus were negative.
No specific etiologic agent was identified.

Implications:

This finding expands the known locations of MGEs within the gastrointestinal tract.
MGEs in the small intestine may result from inflammation, chronic injury, or cellular degeneration, even without apparent cause.
Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and clinical significance of MGEs in the duodenum.