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Related Concept Videos

Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

Hyperthermia stimulates HIV-1 replication.

Ferdinand Roesch1, Oussama Meziane, Anna Kula

  • 1Institut Pasteur, Unité Virus et Immunité, Département de Virologie, Paris, France.

Plos Pathogens
|July 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fever (elevated body temperature) may boost Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by enhancing viral gene expression. Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) and Tat protein are involved in this fever-induced stimulation.

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Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
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Measuring Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Infected T-Cells and Analyzing its Role in HIV-1 Replication
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Measuring Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Infected T-Cells and Analyzing its Role in HIV-1 Replication

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
11:14

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

Measuring Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Infected T-Cells and Analyzing its Role in HIV-1 Replication
10:12

Measuring Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Infected T-Cells and Analyzing its Role in HIV-1 Replication

Published on: June 14, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Fever, an elevation in body temperature, is a common symptom in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals.
  • While transient heat shock and Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are known to modulate HIV-1 replication, the impact of physiological hyperthermia (fever-like temperatures) on HIV-1 infection remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of physiological hyperthermia on HIV-1 replication in primary CD4+ T lymphocytes and cell lines.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which fever-like temperatures influence HIV-1 replication, focusing on viral entry, reverse transcription, and gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing primary CD4+ T lymphocytes and cell lines at a physiological hyperthermia temperature (39.5°C).
  • Assessing HIV-1 replication efficiency, viral entry, reverse transcription, and Tat transactivation of the LTR promoter.
  • Utilizing imaging techniques to visualize HIV-1 transcription and Hsp90 co-localization.
  • Employing the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG to evaluate its effect on HIV-1 replication under hyperthermic conditions.

Main Results:

  • Culturing cells at 39.5°C increased HIV-1 replication efficiency by 2 to 7 fold.
  • Hyperthermia did not affect viral entry or reverse transcription but enhanced Tat transactivation of the viral LTR promoter.
  • Fever-like temperatures promoted HIV-1 reactivation in latently infected cells.
  • Hsp90 co-localized with actively transcribing provirus, and this was amplified at 39.5°C.
  • Inhibition of Hsp90 abrogated the hyperthermia-induced increase in HIV-1 replication.

Conclusions:

  • Physiological hyperthermia (fever) can directly stimulate HIV-1 replication.
  • The stimulation involves Hsp90 and the facilitation of Tat-mediated LTR activity.
  • Fever may represent a factor that enhances viral replication in HIV-infected individuals.