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Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions
08:17

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions

Published on: October 30, 2016

ALK-immunoreactive neoplasms.

Parham Minoo1, Huan-You Wang

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Health Sciences System, La Jolla, CA 92093-0987, USA.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology
|July 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive neoplasms are expanding, requiring accurate diagnosis for targeted ALK inhibitor therapy in personalized medicine. This review covers ALK-positive tumors and their treatment advancements.

Keywords:
ALK-positive neoplasmsAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions
08:17

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions

Published on: October 30, 2016

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model
07:49

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model

Published on: April 13, 2015

Multiplex Cyclic Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry
04:21

Multiplex Cyclic Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) was first discovered in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in 1994.
  • The spectrum of ALK-positive neoplasms has significantly expanded beyond ALCL to include various cancers like neuroblastoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
  • These neoplasms involve ALK translocations or gain-of-function mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the major aspects of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-immunoreactive neoplasms.
  • To emphasize the pathogenesis of ALK-positive neoplasms.
  • To discuss recent advances in ALK inhibitors for therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of ALK-positive (ALK(+)) articles in English.
  • Critical review of retrieved publications.

Main Results:

  • The field of ALK(+) neoplasia is rapidly expanding with new entities continually being identified.
  • Diagnosis of ALK(+) neoplasms is crucial for guiding treatment decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of ALK(+) neoplasms is essential for effective personalized medicine.
  • The continuous expansion of ALK(+) neoplasms highlights the importance of ongoing research and diagnostic refinement.
  • Targeted therapy with ALK inhibitors is a key component in managing these malignancies.