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During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
06:18

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm

Published on: October 20, 2022

Could shame and honor save cooperation?

Jennifer Jacquet, Christoph Hauert, Arne Traulsen

    Communicative & Integrative Biology
    |July 19, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The threat of shame or promise of honor significantly increased cooperation in public goods experiments. Exposing the least and most cooperative players boosted contributions by 50% compared to anonymity.

    Keywords:
    cooperationhonorpublic goods gameshametragedy of the commons

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    Area of Science:

    • Social Psychology
    • Behavioral Economics
    • Game Theory

    Background:

    • Shame and honor are social-emotional mechanisms that regulate behavior relative to social norms.
    • Previous research suggests social scrutiny can influence individual actions, but the specific impact of shame and honor in cooperative settings requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the causal effect of shame and honor on cooperation in a group setting.
    • To compare the impact of public exposure (shame/honor) versus anonymity on contributions to a public good.

    Main Methods:

    • Six-player public goods experiments were conducted.
    • Participants engaged in ten rounds of a public goods game.
    • Experimental conditions included a shame treatment (public exposure of least cooperative), an honor treatment (public exposure of most cooperative), and a control (anonymity).

    Main Results:

    • Both shame and honor treatments led to approximately 50% increase in contributions to the public good compared to the control.
    • Publicly identifying individuals based on their cooperative behavior significantly altered contribution levels.

    Conclusions:

    • The threat of shame and the promise of honor are effective mechanisms for promoting cooperation.
    • Public exposure, specifically through shame and honor, can overcome anonymity to increase pro-social behavior.