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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce relaxation in these...
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...

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Paediatric bronchiectasis phenotypes and their association with clinical outcomes: development and validation in two prospective clinical cohorts.

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Emerging drugs for bronchiectasis.

Anne B Chang1, Robyn L Marsh, Heidi C Smith-Vaughan

  • 1Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Queensland. annechang@ausdoctors.net

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
|July 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bronchiectasis significantly impacts global health, particularly in developing nations. Further research into its causes and treatments is crucial for improving patient outcomes and preventing disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by irreversible airway dilation and inflammation, leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.
  • The disease disproportionately affects developing countries and vulnerable populations, highlighting global health disparities.
  • Current understanding of bronchiectasis pathogenesis is incomplete, hindering the development of effective, evidence-based treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the clinical features, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of bronchiectasis in adults and children.
  • To critically evaluate the evidence supporting existing treatment strategies for bronchiectasis.
  • To identify key research priorities for advancing the understanding and management of diverse bronchiectasis phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of existing studies on bronchiectasis.
  • Analysis of clinical features, underlying causes, and disease progression patterns.
  • Assessment of the quality and strength of evidence for current therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Limited number of high-quality randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluating bronchiectasis therapies.
  • Existing treatments often target individual components (inflammation, infection, obstruction) but lack comprehensive efficacy data.
  • Significant gaps remain in understanding the complex pathophysiology and diverse etiological factors of bronchiectasis.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial progress in bronchiectasis prevention and treatment necessitates a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis.
  • A coordinated global research effort is essential to investigate the pathophysiology and explore novel treatments for various forms of bronchiectasis.
  • Improved understanding and collaborative research hold the potential to significantly enhance patient outcomes for this orphan disease.