Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 20, 2026

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
Published on: April 28, 2022
Normative influences and alcohol consumption: the role of drinking refusal self-efficacy
Su Ahn Jang1, Rajiv N Rimal, Namauk Cho
1Department of Communication , University of Missouri-St. Louis, MO 63121, USA. jangs@umsl.edu
Abstract:
This article extends the theory of normative social behavior by conceptualizing drinking refusal self-efficacy as an important moderator in the relationship between descriptive norms and drinking intentions and behavior. A study was conducted among Korean high school students (N = 538) to assess their normative perceptions, drinking refusal self-efficacy, and drinking intentions. We found a significant association between self-efficacy and drinking intentions and behavior, as well as an interaction effect between self-efficacy and descriptive norms on drinking intentions and behavior. Having stronger efficacy appears to mitigate the harmful effects of descriptive norms on drinking intentions and behavior. Implications for school-based interventions are also discussed.
Related Concept Videos
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
Self-Regulation
Self-Efficacy
Cognitive Dissonance
Social Proof
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback

