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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring01:25

Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring

Blood pressure monitoring is a crucial clinical procedure in diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions. Despite its significance, the accuracy of blood pressure measurements can be compromised by multiple factors, potentially leading to either falsely high or low readings. These inaccuracies are critical as they can significantly impact patient care. So, it is vital to understand these challenges deeply and adopt strategic approaches to minimize errors.
Several factors...
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...

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Related Experiment Videos

Does orthopaedic surgical training induce hypertension? A pilot study.

Hari Om Gupta1, Sanjay Gupta, Robert Lewis Carter

  • 1Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|July 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Orthopaedic surgeons experience elevated blood pressure (BP) during surgery, with trainees showing a more pronounced hypertensive response than trainers, especially when operating independently. This surgical stress response is higher than during clinic days or exercise tests.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular physiology
  • Surgical stress response
  • Orthopaedic surgery

Background:

  • Elevated blood pressure (BP) increases cardiovascular risks like ischemic heart disease and stroke.
  • Surgical stress can cause hemodynamic malresponse in cardiothoracic and neurosurgeons.
  • The impact of surgical stress on orthopaedic surgeons' BP was previously unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the intraoperative BP of orthopaedic surgeons during various procedures.
  • To compare the stress response between trainers and trainees in different surgical roles.
  • To compare surgical BP changes with baseline clinic and exercise tolerance test data.

Main Methods:

  • Ambulatory BP monitors recorded BP and heart rate in consultants and trainees during hallux valgus surgery, TKA, and THA.
  • Surgeons' stress responses were assessed when leading, assisting, or operating independently.
  • Intraoperative BP/heart rate were compared to clinic days and exercise tests.

Main Results:

  • Trainers' mean arterial pressure increased during leading operations.
  • Trainers' BP peaked early when assisting trainees, then declined.
  • Trainees' BP remained elevated throughout, peaking during independent operations.

Conclusions:

  • Elective orthopaedic surgeries induce a hypertensive response in surgeons.
  • The hypertensive response is more significant in trainees than trainers.
  • Independent operating by trainees exacerbates the stress response.