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Overview of common movement disorders.

Jill L Ostrem, Nicholas B Galifianakis

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)

|July 20, 2012

Summary

This chapter reviews Parkinson disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and spasticity, common movement disorders affecting the basal ganglia. It details their demographics, clinical features, diagnosis, natural history, and management strategies.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroscience

Background:

Movement disorders encompass hypokinetic and hyperkinetic conditions stemming from basal ganglia dysfunction.
Commonly encountered diagnoses include Parkinson disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and spasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of four prevalent movement disorders.
To detail the demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, natural history, and management of these conditions.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and clinical data.
Synthesis of information on Parkinson disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and spasticity.

Main Results:

These disorders exhibit significant variability in age of onset, affected areas, and severity.

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Each disorder presents unique diagnostic challenges and management approaches.

Conclusions:

Understanding the distinct features of Parkinson disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and spasticity is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Further specialized chapters will delve into Parkinson disease management and deep brain stimulation.