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Updated: May 20, 2026

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients
11:05

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Published on: February 6, 2021

Delirium.

Vanja C Douglas, S Andrew Josephson

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |July 20, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Delirium, often seen in hospitalized patients, requires urgent neurologic evaluation. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of its underlying cause are crucial for effective management.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Internal Medicine
    • Geriatrics

    Background:

    • Delirium is a common clinical issue, particularly in hospitalized individuals.
    • It is frequently misperceived and should be managed as an acute neurologic emergency.
    • Causes are diverse, including toxins (e.g., anticholinergic medications) and neuronal injury (e.g., herpes simplex virus encephalitis).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline an evidence-based approach to evaluating patients presenting with delirium.
    • To discuss effective management strategies for delirium.
    • To emphasize the importance of identifying and treating the underlying cause of delirium.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current evidence and clinical guidelines for delirium management.
    • Emphasis on thorough patient history and physical examination.
    • Judicious use of laboratory tests and imaging studies to identify underlying etiologies.

    Main Results:

    • The chapter details a systematic approach to diagnosing delirium.
    • It highlights various potential causes of delirium, ranging from medication side effects to infections.
    • Management strategies are presented, focusing on addressing the root cause.

    Conclusions:

    • Delirium necessitates prompt recognition and treatment as a neurologic emergency.
    • Effective management hinges on accurate diagnosis of the underlying condition.
    • A comprehensive evaluation including history, physical exam, and targeted investigations is essential.