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Related Concept Videos

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Updated: May 20, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Current and emerging multiple sclerosis therapeutics.

Benjamin M Greenberg, Bhupendra O Khatri, John F Kramer

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |July 20, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatments have advanced, with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) reducing relapses and disability. New agents promise further impact, but long-term benefits and risk-benefit analyses are crucial for future MS care.

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    Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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    Published on: September 9, 2022

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    Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
    09:38

    Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

    Published on: September 12, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Immunology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease with an elusive cause.
    • Despite diagnostic challenges, there has been significant growth in MS therapeutics over the last 17 years.
    • Six disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are currently available, with more in development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the clinical efficacy of current MS treatments, including DMTs and immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs).
    • To discuss treatment strategies for various MS types, such as clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and primary progressive MS (PPMS).
    • To provide an overview of emerging therapeutic options and address challenges in MS management.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical trial data for currently approved MS therapies.
    • Analysis of efficacy and safety profiles of DMTs and ISDs.
    • Discussion of treatment algorithms and emerging therapies based on late-stage clinical development.

    Main Results:

    • Current DMTs demonstrate efficacy in reducing exacerbations, MRI activity, and disability progression in the short term.
    • ISDs offer an option for treatment-resistant cases but present higher risks, including secondary cancers.
    • Plasma exchange is regaining interest for severe, corticosteroid-resistant relapses.

    Conclusions:

    • While current MS therapies offer benefits, long-term efficacy data is limited.
    • Six new agents are nearing or have completed Phase 3 trials, potentially transforming MS disability prevention.
    • Determining risk-benefit profiles and optimizing treatment-switching algorithms will be critical for future MS management.