Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Sex Linked Disorders01:43

Sex Linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reply to "Spinal Cord Atrophy Is a Preclinical Marker of Progressive MS".

Annals of neurology·2022
Same author

Clinic to in-home telemedicine reduces barriers to care for patients with MS or other neuroimmunologic conditions.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2019
Same author

Disease-modifying therapies alter gut microbial composition in MS.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2018
Same author

Advanced Symptom Management in Multiple Sclerosis.

Neurologic clinics·2017
Same author

Gut bacteria from multiple sclerosis patients modulate human T cells and exacerbate symptoms in mouse models.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2017
Same author

Long-term evolution of multiple sclerosis disability in the treatment era.

Annals of neurology·2016
Same journal

Key Considerations in Telestroke Program Management.

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)·2026
Same journal

Neurology's Action Potential: Delivering on the Promise of Brain Health.

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)·2026
Same journal

Erratum.

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)·2026
Same journal

Management of Large Artery Atherosclerosis.

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)·2026
Same journal

Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy, and Antithrombotic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)·2026
Same journal

Stroke in Children and Younger Adults.

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:44

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: October 13, 2023

Sex differences in multiple sclerosis.

Elizabeth Crabtree-Hartman

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |July 20, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects men and women differently, influencing susceptibility and disease progression. Understanding these sex-based differences is crucial for managing reproductive health in patients with MS.

    More Related Videos

    Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
    09:41

    Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

    Published on: July 19, 2019

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 20, 2026

    Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
    05:44

    Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

    Published on: October 13, 2023

    Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
    09:41

    Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

    Published on: July 19, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroimmunology
    • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • Sex and sex hormones significantly impact the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system.
    • Differential effects suggest potential sexual dimorphism in multiple sclerosis (MS) presentation and progression.
    • Previous research highlights sex-based differences in MS susceptibility, disease course, and radiologic findings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the impact of sex and sex hormones on multiple sclerosis.
    • To discuss the implications of MS on reproductive health in both male and female patients.
    • To emphasize the neurologist's role in managing reproductive concerns for individuals with MS.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies investigating sex differences in multiple sclerosis.
    • Analysis of information on the influence of sex hormones on CNS and immune responses in MS.
    • Synthesis of data concerning family planning and reproductive issues in the context of MS.

    Main Results:

    • Established sexual dimorphism in multiple sclerosis susceptibility, disease course, and radiologic phenotypes.
    • Identified specific reproductive health concerns for MS patients of typical reproductive age.
    • Highlighted the need for comprehensive management strategies addressing sex-specific aspects of MS.

    Conclusions:

    • Sex and sex hormones play a critical role in the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of MS.
    • Neurologists must address reproductive health issues to optimize care for male and female MS patients.
    • Integrating reproductive health management enhances the neurologist's role in comprehensive MS patient care.