Diagnostic approach to myeloneuropathy

Disorders that concomitantly affect the spinal cord and peripheral nerves can be characterized as myeloneuropathies. Such conditions can be broadly categorized as metabolic, inflammatory, infectious, or hereditary disorders. Because these disorders may present with predominantly myelopathic or peripheral neuropathic signs and symptoms, a careful neurologic examination and a thoughtful diagnostic evaluation are necessary to establish a diagnosis of myeloneuropathy. This article outlines an approach to the identification, evaluation, and treatment of myeloneuropathy.