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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...

Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device

A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device

Published on: November 24, 2016

Measuring skin conductance over clothes.

Ki Hwan Hong¹, Seung Min Lee, Yong Gyu Lim

¹Interdisciplinary Program, Medical and Biological Engineering Major, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing

|July 21, 2012

Summary

This study introduces a novel method to measure skin conductance nonintrusively through clothing. The new technique, using a 5-kHz AC current, accurately reflects changes in physiological conditions, correlating well with traditional galvanic skin response (GSR) measurements.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device

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Published on: November 24, 2016

Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management

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Published on: September 2, 2015

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

Published on: July 22, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Physiological Monitoring
Wearable Technology

Background:

Skin conductance is a key indicator of physiological and emotional states.
Traditional galvanic skin response (GSR) measurements require direct skin contact, limiting continuous monitoring during daily activities.
Noninvasive methods for physiological monitoring are crucial for long-term health assessment and research.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a nonintrusive method for measuring skin conductance through clothing.
To assess the feasibility of using a 5-kHz AC current for over-the-clothing skin conductance measurements.
To compare the novel method's performance against traditional GSR measurements.

Main Methods:

A novel method measuring skin conductance over clothes using a thigh-to-thigh current path and a 5-kHz AC current was developed.
Skin conductance was modulated using the Valsalva maneuver.
Measurements were compared with traditional galvanic skin response (GSR) obtained from finger electrodes.

Main Results:

Skin conductance measured over clothes using a 5-kHz AC current showed a highly negative correlation with traditional GSR.
The over-the-clothing measurement effectively reflected the rate of change in underlying skin conductance.
The method allows for nonintrusive monitoring of physiological changes during daily activities.

Conclusions:

The proposed over-the-clothing skin conductance measurement is a viable and nonintrusive alternative to traditional GSR.
This method enables continuous physiological monitoring unobtrusively during everyday life.
The technology holds potential for applications in health monitoring, stress detection, and human-computer interaction.