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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the $2,000...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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Selective attention increases choice certainty in human decision making.

Leopold Zizlsperger1, Thomas Sauvigny, Thomas Haarmeier

  • 1Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.

Plos One
|July 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Voluntary attention boosts choice certainty more than accuracy in visual tasks. This dissociation reveals attention

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Decision Science
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Choice certainty, a subjective confidence, typically correlates with objective performance.
  • The relationship between attention and choice certainty in perceptual tasks is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of spatial and feature-based attention on choice accuracy and certainty.
  • To determine if attention dissociates subjective certainty from objective accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Visual motion discrimination tasks were used.
  • Human subjects performed tasks under conditions of varying spatial and feature-based attention.
  • Choice accuracy and certainty were measured.

Main Results:

  • Spatial and feature-based attention significantly increased choice certainty.
  • Attention's effect on certainty was greater than its effect on choice accuracy.
  • A dissociation between choice accuracy and certainty was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Voluntary top-down attention has a stronger influence on subjective certainty than on objective performance.
  • Attention's selection mechanism can modulate certainty independently of accuracy.
  • Choice certainty may have a biological valence beyond merely reflecting decision processes.