Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Crystallographic Point Groups01:29

Crystallographic Point Groups

Crystallographic point groups represent the various symmetry operations that can occur within crystals. They are unique in that at least one point will always remain unchanged during these actions. For instance, consider the triclinic system. This system, devoid of any axis or plane of symmetry, aligns with the C1 and Ci point groups.where Cᵢ is characterized solely by a center of inversion.Contrastingly, the monoclinic system introduces an element of symmetry. This system with one plane and...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Retraction of: The microRNA miR-29c-5p inhibits cell proliferation and migration by targeting TMEM98 in head and neck carcinoma.

Aging·2025
Same author

Unlocking potential: mentorship training perspectives from undergraduate peer mentors in course-based undergraduate research experiences.

Journal of microbiology & biology education·2025
Same author

Length of mobile phone use mediating the effect of major depression on low back pain/sciatica: a mendelian randomization study.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2025
Same author

Hexagonal Boron Nitride Quantum Simulator: Prelude to Spin and Photonic Qubits.

ACS nano·2024
Same author

Pressure-Induced Changes in the Crystal Structure and Electrical Conductivity of GeV<sub>4</sub>S<sub>8</sub>.

Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society·2024
Same author

Enhanced Piezoelectric Response at Nanoscale Vortex Structures in Ferroelectrics.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System
10:27

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

Published on: June 12, 2019

Crystal structure of graphite under room-temperature compression and decompression.

Yuejian Wang1, Joseph E Panzik, Boris Kiefer

  • 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ywang235@oakland.edu

Scientific Reports
|July 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Experimental evidence confirms M-carbon as the high-pressure structure of cold-compressed carbon. This phase transition is sluggish, explaining previous difficulties in identifying the post-graphite phase.

More Related Videos

Application of Monolayer Graphene to Cryo-Electron Microscopy Grids for High-resolution Structure Determination
07:57

Application of Monolayer Graphene to Cryo-Electron Microscopy Grids for High-resolution Structure Determination

Published on: November 10, 2023

Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction
10:36

Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction

Published on: May 20, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System
10:27

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

Published on: June 12, 2019

Application of Monolayer Graphene to Cryo-Electron Microscopy Grids for High-resolution Structure Determination
07:57

Application of Monolayer Graphene to Cryo-Electron Microscopy Grids for High-resolution Structure Determination

Published on: November 10, 2023

Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction
10:36

Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction

Published on: May 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • High-Pressure Physics

Background:

  • Theoretical studies predicted multiple carbon crystal structures under high pressure.
  • Experimental verification for cold-compressed carbon structures above 50 GPa was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide direct experimental evidence for the high-pressure structure of cold-compressed elemental carbon.
  • To identify the specific carbon allotrope formed under these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • High-pressure experiments on elemental carbon.
  • X-ray diffraction analysis to determine crystal structure.
  • Analysis of phase transition kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Experimental data exclusively supports the M-carbon structure.
  • The phase transition to M-carbon is identified as extremely sluggish.
  • Sluggish transition explains broad X-ray diffraction peaks in prior studies.

Conclusions:

  • M-carbon is the experimentally verified high-pressure phase of cold-compressed carbon.
  • The slow kinetics of this phase transition have historically obscured its identification.