Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 20, 2026
03:40
Nasolacrimal Lavage as a Treatment for Ocular Surface Toxic Soup Syndrome
Published on: April 25, 2025
Contact dermatitis to ophthalmic solutions
1Welsh Institute of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK. avad_mughal@doctors.org.uk
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
|July 24, 2012
Summary
Allergic contact dermatitis from eye drops can cause persistent eyelid dermatitis. This review covers common allergens, patch testing challenges, and optimal testing concentrations for accurate diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Ophthalmology
- Allergology
Background:
- Periorbital and eyelid dermatitis presents a significant clinical challenge due to its persistent nature.
- Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to ophthalmic solutions is a frequently overlooked yet crucial cause of this condition.
- Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management and patient relief.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the common allergens implicated in allergic contact dermatitis to ophthalmic solutions.
- To discuss the specific challenges encountered during patch testing for suspected ophthalmic solution allergy.
- To provide guidance on recommended concentrations and vehicles for accurate patch testing.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of relevant studies on periorbital dermatitis and ophthalmic solution allergy.
- Analysis of reported allergens and their prevalence in allergic contact dermatitis.
- Evaluation of patch testing methodologies and diagnostic difficulties.
Main Results:
- Identified key allergens in ophthalmic solutions contributing to ACD.
- Highlighted the complexities and limitations of current patch testing protocols for ophthalmic allergens.
- Provided evidence-based recommendations for optimizing patch testing procedures.
Conclusions:
- Allergic contact dermatitis to ophthalmic solutions is a significant cause of recalcitrant periorbital dermatitis.
- Standardized and optimized patch testing is crucial for diagnosing this condition.
- Further research into allergen identification and improved testing methods is warranted.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:23Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems
Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
01:22Microbiome of the Eye
The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
01:30Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
01:23Skin Diseases and Disorders
Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
01:17Accessory Structures of the Eye
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...