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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
The Unfolded Protein Response01:37

The Unfolded Protein Response

The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
10:06

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

UPF1 involvement in nuclear functions.

Wazeer Varsally1, Saverio Brogna

  • 1School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|July 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

UPF1 protein, essential for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, also plays a key role in nuclear DNA replication. This review highlights UPF1's unexpected nuclear functions beyond its known cytoplasmic role.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • UPF1 (up-frameshift 1) is a conserved eukaryotic protein crucial for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
  • UPF1 primarily functions in the cytoplasm to degrade mRNAs with premature translation termination codons (PTCs).
  • Emerging evidence suggests UPF1 has additional, potentially NMD-unrelated roles within the human cell nucleus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and consolidate experimental evidence for UPF1's nuclear functions.
  • To investigate UPF1's potential roles in processes like telomere maintenance, cell cycle progression, and DNA replication.
  • To explore the mechanistic basis of UPF1's nuclear activities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental studies on UPF1 nuclear functions.

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Detection of Protein Ubiquitination

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
10:06

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization
09:31

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization

Published on: March 11, 2011

Detection of Protein Ubiquitination
09:00

Detection of Protein Ubiquitination

Published on: August 19, 2009

  • Bioinformatic analysis of UPF1's protein interaction network in human cells.
  • Integration of data from various studies implicating UPF1 in nuclear processes.

    • Main Results:

    • The review indicates that UPF1's nuclear functions are predominantly linked to DNA replication.
    • UPF1's role in DNA replication appears independent of its canonical NMD pathway function.
    • UPF1 interacts with proteins involved in nuclear RNA degradation and transcription termination, suggesting indirect impacts on DNA replication.

    Conclusions:

    • UPF1 possesses significant nuclear functions, notably in DNA replication, extending beyond its established role in cytoplasmic mRNA surveillance.
    • The nuclear activities of UPF1 are likely distinct from its NMD function, suggesting a multifaceted role for this protein.
    • UPF1's interactions with RNA processing factors hint at complex regulatory mechanisms influencing both RNA metabolism and DNA replication.