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Related Concept Videos

Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies with...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Surface Tension01:24

Surface Tension

Surface tension is defined as the force per unit length (γ) acting along the surface of a liquid. It arises due to strong intermolecular forces of attraction. A molecule located inside the bulk of the liquid is surrounded by other molecules and experiences equal forces in all directions. However, a molecule at the surface experiences unbalanced forces because there are more neighboring molecules below than above. This creates a net inward force that pulls surface molecules toward the interior,...
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
Contact Angle01:13

Contact Angle

When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
The adhesive force is the molecular force between molecules of different materials, that is, between the molecules of the solid and the liquid. The cohesive force...

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Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy
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Published on: July 18, 2014

Wetting of solid surfaces: fundamentals and charge effects.

Luuk K Koopal1

  • 1Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. luuk.koopal@wur.nl

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|July 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Wetting phenomena are crucial for micro-drop movement and solid-liquid interactions. This study explores surface energy, surfactant effects, and electrical charges influencing wetting behavior, particularly for electrowetting on dielectric applications.

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Selective Area Modification of Silicon Surface Wettability by Pulsed UV Laser Irradiation in Liquid Environment

Published on: November 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Wetting is fundamental to liquid-solid interactions and micro-scale fluid dynamics.
  • Understanding wetting is key for applications like microfluidics and advanced materials.
  • The Young equation provides a foundational description of wetting phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the fundamental principles of wetting on solid surfaces.
  • To explore the role of surface energy, chemical interactions, and electrical phenomena in wetting.
  • To analyze the behavior of surfactant solutions and surface charges in modifying wetting properties, especially for electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD).

Main Methods:

  • Review of established wetting theories, including the Young equation.
  • Discussion of surface characterization techniques for low-energy surfaces.
  • Analysis of experimental observations regarding surfactant adsorption and surface charge effects on wetting.

Main Results:

  • Dispersion and acid-base interactions significantly influence wetting on low-energy surfaces.
  • Surfactant solutions effectively modify wetting behavior, with distinct adsorption patterns on low- and high-energy surfaces.
  • Surface charges, both inherent and applied, play a critical role in altering wetting, as described by the Young-Lippmann equation for EWOD.

Conclusions:

  • Wetting is a complex phenomenon governed by surface energy, intermolecular forces, and electrical effects.
  • Tailoring surface properties with surfactants and controlling electrical potentials are effective strategies for manipulating wetting.
  • Further critical examination of EWOD models like the Young-Lippmann equation is warranted.