[Fallopian tube bilharziasis caused by Schistosoma intercalatum disclosed by hemoperitoneum]

Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma intercalatumis common in Gabon and, since 1971, Schistosoma haematobium has been found in the south of the country. Genital involvement is infrequent: 0.8 per cent of gynecologic specimens sent to the pathology laboratory and ten of 622 fallopian tube specimens (1.5 per cent). We report an unusual clinical case with hemoperitoneum as the first manifestation: the schistosomal lesion was developed within the tubal serosa, and caused a breach in an arteriole responsible for a 2500 cc hemoperitoneum. Genital lesions preferentially involve the vulva, vagina, and cervix. Involvement of the tubes and ovaries is less common and seems to have an incidence on fertility only if bacterial superinfections cause adhesions around the tubes and ovaries. Genital schistosomiasis is usually asymptomatic. Ectopic pregnancies and infertility may occur.