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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

Overview

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Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation
09:51

Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation

Published on: February 2, 2016

Advances in targeted genome editing.

Pablo Perez-Pinera1, David G Ousterout, Charles A Gersbach

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|July 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New genome editing technologies allow precise gene sequence manipulation and transgene insertion. Advances in engineered nucleases are accelerating applications in biotechnology and gene therapies for various diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Emergence of novel technologies for targeted genome editing across diverse biological systems.
  • Progress driven by engineered nucleases with programmable DNA-binding domains, such as zinc finger proteins and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in genome editing technologies.
  • To highlight the impact of these technologies on biotechnology and medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering of targeted nucleases with programmable, site-specific DNA-binding domains.
  • Improvements in nuclease performance, assembly speed, and cost reduction.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced nuclease efficiency and accessibility.
  • Broadened applications in biopharmaceutical production, agriculture, and creation of transgenic organisms.
  • Development of cell lines and tools for studying genome function.

Conclusions:

  • Genome editing technologies are rapidly advancing, offering powerful tools for research and development.
  • Significant potential in therapeutic applications, including preclinical and clinical gene therapies for diseases.