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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Fatigue01:21

Fatigue

Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials

Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
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Published on: April 11, 2018

Stress fracture risk factors in basic combat training.

J Knapik1, S J Montain, S McGraw

  • 1US Army Institute of Public Health, Aberdeen Proving Ground MD, USA. joseph.knapik@us.army.mil

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|July 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Female military recruits face higher stress fracture risks. Factors like older age, lower body weight, and non-Black race/ethnicity increase susceptibility in both sexes. Taller, heavier men also show elevated risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Military medicine
  • Orthopedics
  • Sports medicine

Background:

  • Stress fractures are common injuries in military recruits.
  • Identifying demographic and physical risk factors is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine demographic and physical risk factors for stress fractures in a large cohort of US Army basic trainees.
  • To determine incidence rates and identify predictors of stress fractures in male and female recruits.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of US Army basic trainees from 1997-2007.
  • Data extracted from electronic databases included demographics, physical characteristics, BMI, and injury diagnoses.
  • Incidence calculated for men and women; risk factors analyzed using statistical methods.

Main Results:

  • Overall incidence was 19.3/1000 for men and 79.9/1000 for women.
  • Increased risk observed for older age, lower body weight, lower BMI, and non-Black race/ethnicity in both sexes.
  • White recruits had higher risk than Asian recruits; taller/heavier men had increased risk, unlike women.

Conclusions:

  • Female sex, older age, lower body weight, lower BMI, and non-Black race/ethnicity are significant risk factors for stress fractures in military recruits.
  • Risk increases with age, particularly in women.
  • Findings highlight the need for tailored injury prevention programs based on identified risk factors.