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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
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Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

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Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...

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Related Experiment Video

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Biosensor-based High Throughput Biopanning and Bioinformatics Analysis Strategy for the Global Validation of Drug-protein Interactions
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Biosensor-based High Throughput Biopanning and Bioinformatics Analysis Strategy for the Global Validation of Drug-protein Interactions

Published on: December 1, 2020

Barcode sequencing for understanding drug-gene interactions.

Andrew M Smith1, Tanja Durbic, Saranya Kittanakom

  • 1Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study details a Barcode analysis by sequencing (Bar-seq) protocol for assessing yeast deletion mutant growth using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The method is optimized for multiple platforms and applicable to human knockdown cells.

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Competitive Genomic Screens of Barcoded Yeast Libraries
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Competitive Genomic Screens of Barcoded Yeast Libraries
11:59

Competitive Genomic Screens of Barcoded Yeast Libraries

Published on: August 11, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Yeast Genetics

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables adaptation of microarray-based methods.
  • Pooled competitive growth assays are crucial for genetic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a detailed protocol for Barcode analysis by sequencing (Bar-seq).
  • To optimize Bar-seq for pooled competitive growth analysis of yeast deletion mutants.
  • To offer guidelines for applying Bar-seq to human knockdown cells.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed protocol for Barcode analysis by sequencing (Bar-seq).
  • Optimization on Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx/HiSeq2000 and Life Technologies SOLiD3/5500 platforms.
  • Application guidelines for short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated knockdown in human cells.

Main Results:

  • A robust Bar-seq protocol for yeast pooled competitive growth.
  • Successful optimization across different NGS platforms.
  • Demonstrated utility for assessing shRNA efficacy in human cells.

Conclusions:

  • Bar-seq is a versatile method for pooled competitive growth analysis in yeast.
  • The protocol is adaptable to various sequencing technologies.
  • This method facilitates genetic screening and knockdown validation.