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Updated: May 20, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
Biomarkers of aggressive pituitary adenomas
Ozgur Mete1, Shereen Ezzat, Sylvia L Asa
1Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ozgur.mete2@uhn.ca
Abstract:
Pituitary adenomas exhibit a wide range of behaviors. The prediction of aggressive or malignant behavior in pituitary adenomas remains challenging; however, the utility of biomarkers is rapidly evolving. In this review, we discuss potential biomarkers as they relate to aggressive behavior in pituitary adenomas. While detailed histological subtyping remains the best independent predictor of aggressive behavior in the majority of cases, evidence suggests that the additional analyses of FGFR4, MMP, PTTG, Ki-67, p53, and deletions in chromosome 11 may contribute to decisions concerning management of aggressive pituitary adenomas.
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