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Related Concept Videos

What is Metabolism?00:52

What is Metabolism?

Overview
Introduction to Metabolism01:30

Introduction to Metabolism

Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...
Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation. However, because inorganic electron donors...
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q in...
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Types of Chemical Reactions: Anabolic and Catabolic01:19

Types of Chemical Reactions: Anabolic and Catabolic

The first law of thermodynamics holds that energy can neither be created nor destroyed—it can only change form. An organism's essential function is to consume (ingest) energy and molecules in the foods we eat, convert some of it into fuel for movement, sustain our body functions, and build and maintain our body structures. There are two types of reactions that accomplish this: anabolism and catabolism.
Anabolism is the process of combining smaller, simpler molecules into larger, more complex...

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Related Experiment Video

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High-Throughput Metabolic Profiling for Model Refinements of Microalgae
11:07

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Published on: December 4, 2021

A text-mining system for extracting metabolic reactions from full-text articles.

Jan Czarnecki1, Irene Nobeli, Adrian M Smith

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular and Structural Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.

BMC Bioinformatics
|July 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a simple text-mining method for extracting metabolic reactions from biological text. The approach achieves high precision and recall, comparable to protein-protein interaction extraction, making metabolic pathway construction more feasible.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology
  • Text Mining

Background:

  • Biological text mining often neglects metabolic pathways.
  • Existing methods focus on complex relationships, overlooking metabolic network construction.
  • Metabolic pathways are crucial for understanding cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple method for extracting metabolic reaction information from free text.
  • To address the neglect of metabolic pathways in biological text mining.
  • To extend successful protein-protein interaction extraction approaches to metabolic pathways.

Main Methods:

  • A scoring system for enzyme and metabolite permutations within sentences.
  • Utilizes stemmed keywords and their location for scoring.
  • Extends a previously effective text-mining approach.

Main Results:

  • The method demonstrates strong performance on manually-curated metabolic pathways.
  • Achieved precision and recall rates comparable to protein-protein interaction extraction.
  • Indicates the tractability of automated metabolic pathway construction.

Conclusions:

  • Automated metabolic pathway construction is more achievable than previously thought.
  • Simple text-mining methods can be highly effective for this task.
  • Results serve as a benchmark for future, more complex methods.