Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adler's Individual Psychology01:28

Adler's Individual Psychology

Alfred Adler, a prominent figure in psychology, founded the school of individual psychology. In contrast to Freud's emphasis on sexual or aggressive motives, Adler suggested that individuals are primarily motivated by their purposes and goals. He believed that people strive for perfection rather than pleasure. Adler argued that individuals could creatively act upon their genetic inheritance and environmental experiences to shape their own lives, emphasizing conscious motivation over unconscious...
Carl Rogers' Humanistic Perspective on Personality01:23

Carl Rogers' Humanistic Perspective on Personality

Carl Rogers, a key figure in humanistic psychology, believed that individuals possess an innate potential for growth and fulfillment. According to his model of personality, three significant components define an individual: the organism, the self, and conditions of worth.
The organism refers to an individual's inherent blueprint, which Rogers saw as innately positive and directed toward helping others, unlike Freud's view of the id as driven by base impulses. The self is a person's...
Maslow's Theory of Basic Human Needs01:28

Maslow's Theory of Basic Human Needs

Maslow's hierarchy is described with the help of a pyramidal shape. The most fundamental needs, physiological needs, are at the bottom of the pyramid.
Physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, sex, physical comfort, and survival are at the bottom of the pyramid. These are the components that are necessary to sustain life. Once the first level of needs has been met, the second level arises.
Safety needs include stability and predictability. Protection and freedom from danger are all a part of...
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Humanistic Psychology01:24

Humanistic Psychology

Humanistic psychology emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the deterministic and pessimistic nature of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. While behaviorism focused on observable behaviors influenced by the environment and psychoanalysis delved into unconscious motivations, both theories suggested that human actions lacked free will. In contrast, humanistic psychology offers a perspective that emphasizes the innate potential for goodness and growth within every individual.
This approach...
Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation01:30

Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation

Self-evaluation is the process by which individuals assess their abilities, behaviors, and characteristics based on feedback from others. Charles H. Cooley observed that a person’s self-perception is primarily influenced by how others see and judge them. He suggested that individuals form their identities based on their interpretations of others' reactions. As a result, social interactions play a crucial role in shaping self-esteem and personal identity. These external evaluations often blend...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Investigating Mediumship/Possession-Relevant Experiences: Contributions from a Feature-Based, Subject-Dependent Approach to Definition and Measurement.

Transcultural psychiatry·2026
Same author

Basic human values, responsiveness, and dignity in geriatric organizations in Israel: A qualitative study of state regulations.

Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

People in more individualist cultures are more motivated to make others feel better.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Mapping the Content Landscape of Self-transcendent Emotional Experiences with Thematic Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering.

Affective science·2026
Same author

Neurofeedback as a non-pharmacological strategy for pain and gut-brain axis disorders: clinical relevance in inflammatory bowel disease.

Minerva gastroenterology·2026
Same author

Mapping the landscape of psychological literature on threat from 1961 to 2023 through structural topic modeling.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Outgroup friendships and social influence in the development of adolescent attitudes toward secondary outgroups.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026
Same journal

The impact of "relational" Artificial Intelligence on human well-being: A self-determination theory analysis.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026
Same journal

Is my loneliness killing me? Effects of loneliness and social isolation on transitions between cognitive status categories and death.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026
Same journal

Listening across the divide: High-quality listening promotes speakers' state well-being through basic psychological need satisfaction during disagreements.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026
Same journal

Morality cut both ways: The role of cognition and emotion in attitude moralization and demoralization.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026
Same journal

The predictive validity of vocational interests for life outcomes across adulthood.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

Refining the theory of basic individual values.

Shalom H Schwartz1, Jan Cieciuch, Michele Vecchione

  • 1Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel. msshasch@mscc.huji.ac.il

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|July 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a refined theory of 19 basic individual values, organized on a circular motivational continuum. This enhanced model offers greater explanatory power for understanding the structure and prediction of human values.

More Related Videos

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The original theory of 10 basic individual values (Schwartz, 1992) provided a foundational framework.
  • Previous research has largely overlooked the circular motivational continuum inherent in value structures.
  • A need exists for a more refined and explanatory model of basic individual values.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a refined theory of basic individual values.
  • To organize 19 values on a circular motivational continuum based on compatible/conflicting motivations and focus (personal vs. social).
  • To enhance the heuristic and explanatory power of value theory.

Main Methods:

  • Development and assessment of a new instrument to measure the refined value theory.
  • Empirical testing across 15 diverse samples from 10 countries (N = 6,059).
  • Application of confirmatory factor analysis and multidimensional scaling analyses.

Main Results:

  • Confirmatory factor analyses supported the discrimination of the 19 proposed values.
  • Multidimensional scaling analyses largely confirmed the predicted circular motivational continuum of values.
  • Predictive validity analyses demonstrated the refined theory's superior insight into value-belief underpinnings.

Conclusions:

  • The refined theory of 19 basic individual values is empirically supported.
  • The circular motivational continuum provides a more accurate representation of value structures.
  • This refined model offers enhanced precision in understanding the motivational basis of beliefs and behaviors.