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Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
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Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction
09:20

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Published on: January 26, 2016

Reactive solid surface morphology variation via ionic diffusion.

Zhenchao Sun1, Qiang Zhou, Liang-Shih Fan

  • 1William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|July 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Outward ionic diffusion in gas-solid reactions can smooth concave and convex surface structures. This discovery adds a fourth mechanism to understanding solid morphology changes during reactions.

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Published on: February 11, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid morphology significantly impacts gas-solid reaction rates.
  • Surface structure changes are traditionally explained by mechanical interaction, molar volume change, or sintering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of outward ionic diffusion in altering solid surface morphology during gas-solid reactions.
  • To introduce a new mechanism for surface morphology variation in these reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a quantitative 2-D continuum diffusion model.
  • Experimental validation of the model's predictions.

Main Results:

  • Outward ionic diffusion demonstrably smooths surfaces with initial concave and convex features.
  • Concave surfaces fill due to increased outward diffusion into valleys.
  • Convex surfaces lower in height due to reduced vertical outward diffusion flux.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-phase ionic diffusion represents a fourth, significant mechanism for surface morphology variation in gas-solid reactions.
  • This finding supplements existing models of porosity variation in reactive solids.