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Related Concept Videos

Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

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Deep brain stimulation surgery for alcohol addiction.

Juergen Voges1, Ulf Müller, Bernhard Bogerts

  • 1Departments of Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Neurology and Psychiatry, Otto-von Guericke University, Magdeburg; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg; and Department of Neurology, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

World Neurosurgery
|July 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shows promise for treating severe alcohol dependence. This novel approach reduced craving and maintained abstinence in patients, offering new hope for addiction recovery.

Keywords:
AddictionCTComputed tomographyCravingDBSDSDSM-IVDeep brain stimulationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth EditionDorsal striatumHFHare's Psychopathy Check List–RevisedHigh frequencyIPGImpulse generatorLFPLocal field potentialMRIMagnetic resonance imagingNAcNucleus accumbensPCL-RPFCPrefrontal cortexReward systemStereotaxyVSVTAVentral striatumVentral tegmental area

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurosurgery
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Chronic alcohol dependence poses significant global health and economic challenges.
  • High relapse rates persist despite conventional treatments like medication and psychotherapy.
  • The brain's reward system is implicated in addiction, suggesting targeted interventions could improve outcomes.

Observation:

  • An accidental observation led to the investigation of nucleus accumbens (NAc) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for alcohol addiction.
  • The NAc plays a central role in the dopaminergic reward pathway, making it a potential target for neuromodulation.

Findings:

  • Five patients with severe alcohol dependence received bilateral NAc DBS, with an average follow-up of 38 months.
  • All patients reported significant and sustained reduction in craving.
  • Two patients achieved complete abstinence for over four years with no permanent side effects.
  • Neuropsychological tasks revealed the NAc's role in processing alcohol-related cues.

Implications:

  • Nucleus accumbens DBS represents a novel therapeutic strategy for severe alcohol addiction.
  • Electrical stimulation may counteract drug-related stimuli that trigger compulsive behavior.
  • Further randomized clinical trials are underway to validate these preliminary findings.