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Risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip: a meta-analysis
M de Hundt1, F Vlemmix, J M J Bais
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands. marcelladehundt@gmail.com
Summary
Infants with a breech presentation, female infants, those with a family history of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and clicking hips have a higher risk for DDH. Early detection through screening programs is crucial for improved outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Pediatrics
- Public Health
Background:
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) prognosis is linked to early detection and treatment.
- Known risk factors for DDH include family history, female sex, and breech presentation, but systematic knowledge is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze existing evidence on risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of Medline, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library up to October 2011.
- Included studies reporting potential DDH risk factors allowing two-by-two table construction.
- Extracted data and assessed study quality; expressed associations as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Main Results:
- Identified 30 studies involving 1,494,387 children.
- Strongly increased DDH risk observed with breech delivery (OR 5.7), female sex (OR 3.8), positive family history (OR 4.8), and clicking hips (OR 8.6).
Conclusions:
- Infants born in breech presentation, female infants, those with a positive family history, and infants with clicking hips exhibit an elevated risk for DDH.
- Findings can inform the development of targeted screening programs for developmental dysplasia of the hip.
