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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte properties and...

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

Detectors in gas chromatography (GC) help identify and quantify the components of a mixture by translating chemical properties into measurable signals, which are displayed on a chromatogram. Detectors can be categorized into two main types: destructive and non-destructive.
A non-destructive detector allows a sample to be analyzed without altering or consuming it, meaning the sample can be collected after detection for further analysis. Examples include thermal conductivity detectors and...

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Detection of Antibodies That Neutralize the Cellular Uptake of Enzyme Replacement Therapies with a Cell-based Assay

Detection of Antibodies That Neutralize the Cellular Uptake of Enzyme Replacement Therapies with a Cell-based Assay

Published on: September 10, 2018

An ultrasensitive universal detector based on neutralizer displacement.

Jagotamoy Das¹, Kristin B Cederquist, Alexandre A Zaragoza

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Nature Chemistry

|July 25, 2012

Summary

A new neutralizer displacement assay enables sensitive detection of any molecule, charged or neutral, using charge-based sensing. This advance expands diagnostic capabilities for comprehensive patient monitoring.

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Detection of Antibodies That Neutralize the Cellular Uptake of Enzyme Replacement Therapies with a Cell-based Assay

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Published on: April 16, 2016

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Biosensing
Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

Simultaneous detection of nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules is crucial for comprehensive patient monitoring.
Existing charge-based molecular sensors excel at detecting charged biomolecules but struggle with neutral small molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel neutralizer displacement assay for versatile molecular detection.
To enable charge-based sensing for any analyte class, regardless of charge.

Main Methods:

Developed a neutralizer displacement assay utilizing aptamer probes and neutralizers.
Analyzed analyte binding-induced displacement of neutralizers, causing significant surface charge changes.
Evaluated the assay's sensitivity, speed, and specificity.

Main Results:

Demonstrated successful detection of diverse analytes including DNA, RNA, cocaine, ATP, and thrombin.
The assay showed high sensitivity, speed, and specificity across different molecule types.
The neutralizer displacement mechanism effectively translates analyte binding into a detectable charge signal.

Conclusions:

The neutralizer displacement assay significantly broadens the applicability of charge-based sensing.
This method offers a versatile platform for simultaneous detection of various biomolecules and small molecules.
The assay holds promise for advancing comprehensive diagnostic and patient monitoring technologies.