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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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Evaluating Basophil Histamine Content as a Biomarker for Omalizumab Responsiveness in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·2026
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The Overall Burden of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria - The Current Landscape.

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Diagnostic Delay in Patients With Chronic Urticaria: Results From the Chronic Urticaria Registry (CURE).

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Updated: May 20, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Childhood urticaria.

Nadine Marrouche1, Clive Grattan

  • 1Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|July 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood urticaria, often triggered by viruses, requires symptomatic treatment. Chronic forms may have autoimmune causes, necessitating further research for effective therapies beyond antihistamines.

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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Urticaria is a common skin condition affecting both children and adults.
  • Pediatric urticaria presents unique characteristics and requires specific understanding.
  • Acute urticaria in children is frequently linked to viral infections, while chronic forms may involve autoimmune factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on childhood urticaria.
  • To update understanding of its pathophysiology.
  • To highlight contemporary management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of childhood urticaria.
  • Analysis of current research on pathophysiology.
  • Evaluation of treatment guidelines and practices.

Main Results:

  • An autoimmune basis is recognized in a subset of chronic spontaneous urticaria cases in children.
  • H1-antihistamines are primary treatments, with growing caution regarding sedating first-generation options.
  • Omalizumab is used off-label for severe, refractory cases.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood urticaria, particularly acute forms, is often triggered by identifiable factors like viral infections.
  • Chronic spontaneous urticaria in children may have autoimmune underpinnings, requiring further investigation.
  • Current treatments, mainly H1-antihistamines, are not universally effective, indicating a need for novel therapeutic approaches.