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Standing Waves in a Cavity

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

Propagation of Waves

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:

The de Broglie Wavelength

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...

Modes of Standing Waves: II

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.

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Updated: May 20, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Wave propagation in deep-subwavelength mode waveguides.

Ken Liu¹, Wei Xu, Zhi Hong Zhu

¹Photonic Laboratory, College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China. liukener@163.com

|July 25, 2012

Summary

This study introduces a novel dielectric waveguide achieving deep-subwavelength mode sizes, significantly smaller than previously possible. This breakthrough enables enhanced light confinement for applications in nonlinear optics and low-threshold lasers.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy

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Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

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Published on: August 5, 2013

Area of Science:

Photonics
Optical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Dielectric waveguides are crucial for integrated optics.
Achieving deep-subwavelength mode confinement is essential for miniaturization and enhanced light-matter interactions.
Existing waveguides like slot waveguides have limitations in guiding materials and optical absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and analyze a novel dielectric waveguide structure.
To demonstrate deep-subwavelength mode confinement below lambda(0)^2/400.
To explore the potential for reduced optical absorption and applications in resonators and nonlinear effects.

Main Methods:

Frequency domain analysis
Time domain analysis
Simulation of waveguide performance and loss sensitivity

Main Results:

Achieved effective mode area below lambda(0)^2/400, reaching lambda(0)^2/1000.
Effective electrical mode area comparable to hybrid plasmonic waveguides but with reduced optical absorption.
Demonstrated sensitivity to surface roughness on the tens of nanometers scale.
Potential for designing high-quality factor ring resonators.

Conclusions:

The proposed dielectric waveguide offers unprecedented subwavelength confinement.
It presents a viable alternative to plasmonic waveguides with lower losses.
The structure holds promise for advanced photonic devices like low-threshold lasers and enhanced nonlinear effect applications.