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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...

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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Published on: June 26, 2020

Recombination and natural selection in hepatitis E virus genotypes.

Xiaoming Chen1, Qian Zhang, Chao He

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.

Journal of Medical Virology
|July 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) evolution involves recombination and selection. Analysis revealed non-random recombination hotspots and specific sites under positive and negative selection, driving HEV genetic diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) exhibits significant genetic diversity, crucial for understanding its evolution.
  • Recombination and natural selection are key evolutionary forces shaping viral genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of recombination and natural selection in HEV genetic diversity.
  • To identify specific genomic regions and sites affected by these evolutionary processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Recombination Detection Program (RDP) and SimPlot for recombination analysis.
  • Employed the fixed-effects likelihood (FEL) method to detect natural selection.
  • Analyzed HEV genome sequences, including specific domains and open reading frames (ORFs).

Main Results:

  • Provided strong evidence for intergenotype and intragenotype HEV recombination.
  • Identified non-random distribution of recombination events, particularly in the helicase and X domains.
  • Detected non-random distribution of codons under negative and positive selection across HEV proteins.
  • ORF1 and ORF2 experienced significant purifying selection, while specific sites in ORF2 and ORF3 were under positive selection.

Conclusions:

  • Recombination and selection are significant drivers of HEV genetic diversity.
  • Specific genomic regions and sites are hotspots for recombination and selection.
  • Understanding these evolutionary pressures is vital for HEV control and prevention strategies.