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Updated: May 20, 2026

Accumulation and Analysis of Cuprous Ions in a Copper Sulfate Plating Solution
Published on: March 20, 2019
[Research on the method of copper converting process determination based on emission spectrum analysis]
Xian-xin Li1, Wen-qing Liu, Yu-jun Zhang
1Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China. xxli@aiofm.ac.cn
This study introduces a novel method for determining copper converting stages using lead oxide (PbO) and lead sulfide (PbS) emission spectra. Field experiments confirm distinct spectral signatures for slag and copper stages, enabling real-time process monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Metallurgical Engineering
- Spectroscopy
Context:
- Copper converting is a critical pyrometallurgical process.
- Accurate determination of process stages is essential for efficiency and control.
- Traditional methods may lack real-time feedback capabilities.
Purpose:
- To develop and validate a method for real-time copper converting process determination.
- To utilize emission spectrum analysis of lead compounds (PbO and PbS) for stage identification.
- To correlate spectral changes with specific stages: slag (S phase) and copper (B phase).
Summary:
- Emission spectra of lead oxide (PbO) and lead sulfide (PbS) were analyzed in situ.
- Distinct spectral patterns were identified for the slag stage (PbS dominant) and copper stage (PbO dominant).
- Relative intensity changes in PbO/PbS spectra accurately indicate the copper smelting cycle's progression.
Impact:
- Provides a feasible and experimentally validated method for real-time copper converting process monitoring.
- Enables precise division of the smelting cycle into slag and copper stages.
- Offers potential for improved process control, efficiency, and product quality in copper smelting.
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