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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Archaea01:29

Overview of Archaea

Archaea, named after the Archaean eon, represent a unique domain of life, distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, with remarkable traits. Their cellular and molecular features, ecological adaptability, and industrial relevance highlight their importance in understanding life processes and leveraging biotechnology.Cellular and Molecular CharacteristicsA defining feature of archaea is their unique membrane composition. Archaeal membranes contain ether-linked isoprenoid lipids, which confer...
Surface Appendages of Archaea01:23

Surface Appendages of Archaea

Archaeal surface appendages are highly specialized structures essential for environmental adaptation, encompassing roles in adhesion, biofilm formation, and motility. Among these appendages, pili and archaella stand out for their distinct morphologies and functionalities, enabling archaea to thrive in diverse and often extreme environments.Pili: Adhesion and Biofilm FormationPili are filamentous structures assembled from pilin protein subunits, primarily contributing to adhesion and biofilm...
Diversity of Archaea II01:24

Diversity of Archaea II

Archaea, one of the three domains of life, exhibit remarkable diversity and adaptability, thriving in both extreme and moderate environments. Historically, most identified archaea have been classified into two major phyla: Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. However, recent molecular studies have expanded this classification to include three additional phyla: Thaumarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, and Korarchaeota, each exhibiting unique characteristics and ecological roles.Thaumarchaeota: Mesophiles...
Diversity of Archaea I01:30

Diversity of Archaea I

Archaea, a domain of single-celled microorganisms, are classified into five major phyla based on genetic and biochemical characteristics: Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, Korarchaeota, and Nanoarchaeota. Among these, the phylum Euryarchaeota is notable for its remarkable diversity in morphology, metabolism, and ecological adaptations.Morphological and Metabolic DiversityMembers of Euryarchaeota exhibit a variety of cellular shapes, including rods and cocci. Their metabolic pathways...
Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
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Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...

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Determination of Biofilm Initiation on Virus-infected Cells by Bacteria and Fungi
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Published on: July 6, 2016

The domain Archaea in human mucosal surfaces.

F Matarazzo1, A C Ribeiro, M Faveri

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|July 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Archaea, distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, inhabit human body niches like the gut and mouth. Certain methanogens, a type of archaea, may influence mucosal diseases by promoting bacterial growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Phylogenetics
  • Human Microbiome

Background:

  • Archaea represent a distinct domain of life, separate from bacteria and eukaryotes.
  • They inhabit diverse environmental niches, including specific locations within the human body such as the intestines and oral cavity.
  • Archaea in these human niches are typically limited to a few phylotypes, notably methanogenic archaea.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique characteristics of archaea within the tree of life.
  • To investigate the presence and role of archaea in human body communities, particularly the gut and oral cavity.
  • To explore the potential involvement of methanogenic archaea in the pathogenesis of mucosal diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis to establish archaea's position in the tree of life.
  • Microbiome analysis to identify archaeal phylotypes in human intestinal and oral samples.
  • Correlation studies to assess the relationship between methanogen abundance and mucosal disease establishment.

Main Results:

  • Archaea are confirmed as a fundamental branch of life with unique biological features.
  • Human gut and oral microbiomes contain limited archaeal diversity, dominated by methanogens.
  • Evidence suggests methanogens may act as symbionts but can also promote bacterial growth, potentially contributing to mucosal diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Archaea possess distinct biological and phylogenetic properties.
  • Methanogenic archaea are key members of the human gut and oral microbiomes.
  • Methanogens may play a dual role in human health, potentially influencing the development of mucosal diseases.