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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

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Related Experiment Video

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Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
10:24

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Published on: August 29, 2014

Comparison of next-generation sequencing systems.

Lin Liu1, Yinhu Li, Siliang Li

  • 1NGS Sequencing Department, Beijing Genomics Institute, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China. linda.liu79@gmail.com

Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology
|July 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies offer powerful genomic insights for diverse applications. This review details various NGS systems, analyzing their performance and utility based on extensive practical experience.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have rapidly advanced, enabling widespread genomic applications.
  • Key NGS platforms include SOLiD/Ion Torrent PGM (Life Sciences), Genome Analyzer/HiSeq 2000/MiSeq (Illumina), and GS FLX Titanium/GS Junior (Roche).
  • The Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI) operates a substantial NGS infrastructure, including numerous HiSeq 2000 and SOLiD systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the technologies underlying major NGS systems.
  • To analyze first-hand data and practical experience with these systems.
  • To discuss the advantages and specific characteristics of each sequencing platform.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing NGS technologies and platforms.
  • Analysis of accumulated data from extensive sample handling, sequencing, and bioinformatics.
  • Comparative discussion of system performance and applications.

Main Results:

  • Detailed review of SOLiD, Ion Torrent PGM, Genome Analyzer, HiSeq 2000, MiSeq, GS FLX Titanium, and GS Junior.
  • Summary and analysis of practical data highlighting system-specific advantages and challenges.
  • Overview of diverse applications enabled by NGS.

Conclusions:

  • NGS technologies provide critical genomic information for scientific advancement and quality of life improvements.
  • Understanding the specifics of each NGS system is crucial for optimizing experimental design and data interpretation.
  • The continuous development of NGS platforms fuels progress in fields ranging from crop improvement to disease detection.