Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration can...
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical phenotypes in α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin deficiency: a cluster analysis on EARCO data.

ERJ open research·2026
Same author

From competence to entrustment: strengthening clinical autonomy within the ESICM educational framework.

Intensive care medicine·2026
Same author

The acute respiratory response to blood-flow restriction resistance exercise in healthy adults: A randomized crossover trial.

Physiological reports·2026
Same author

The effect of high altitude on exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory function in patients with pulmonary vascular disease after an overnight stay at 2500 m: a randomised crossover study.

ERJ open research·2026
Same author

Metabolic effects following initiation of single-inhaler triple therapy in COPD: a prospective observational study.

Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Right Ventricular Free Wall Strain in Healthy Lowlanders and Highlanders-A Case-Control Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
08:34

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

Published on: September 16, 2019

Lung function and breathing pattern in subjects developing high altitude pulmonary edema.

Christian F Clarenbach1, Oliver Senn, Andreas L Christ

  • 1Pulmonary Division, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Plos One
|July 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Physiologic changes like reduced lung function and nocturnal hypoxemia can predict high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) development. Monitoring these early signs in mountaineers is crucial for prevention.

More Related Videos

Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method
08:44

Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method

Published on: February 2, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
08:34

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

Published on: September 16, 2019

Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method
08:44

Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method

Published on: February 2, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Altitude Medicine
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a serious condition affecting mountaineers.
  • Understanding early physiologic predictors of HAPE is essential for prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate physiologic changes that precede the clinical onset of HAPE.
  • To determine if pulmonary function and breathing pattern alterations can serve as early HAPE indicators.

Main Methods:

  • 18 mountaineers underwent spirometry, diffusing capacity, nitrogen washout, nocturnal ventilation, and pulse oximetry at low altitude and high altitude (4559 m).
  • Physiologic data were compared between subjects who developed HAPE and a control group who remained well.

Main Results:

  • Subjects who developed HAPE showed significant declines in forced vital capacity (FVC) and increases in closing volume compared to controls.
  • Nocturnal hypoxemia, increased minute ventilation, periodic breathing, and heart rate were significantly higher in those who developed HAPE.
  • Reduced sniff nasal pressure was observed in both groups, but more pronounced in those who later developed HAPE.

Conclusions:

  • Physiologic alterations, including reduced lung compliance and impaired gas exchange, precede overt HAPE.
  • Nocturnal hypoxemia, unstable ventilatory control, and sympathetic stimulation are key indicators of impending HAPE.
  • These findings provide a pattern of physiological changes that can be used for early HAPE detection.