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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...

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Updated: May 20, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
08:55

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Counteracting inflammation: a promising therapy in cachexia.

Josep M Argiles1, Francisco J Lopez-Soriano, Silvia Busquets

  • 1Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis
|July 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cancer cachexia results from tumor-host inflammation, driven by cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and interferon-gamma. Therapies aim to block these cytokine pathways to combat wasting.

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The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
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The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

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In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Cancer progression involves complex tumor-host inflammatory interactions.
  • Cytokines produced by tumors and patients trigger systemic responses, including cachexia.
  • Key cytokines implicated in cachexia are TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and interferon-gamma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of cytokines in cancer cachexia.
  • To understand the synergistic effects of these cytokines.
  • To inform therapeutic strategies targeting cytokine pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on cancer cachexia and cytokine signaling.
  • Analysis of the biological effects of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and interferon-gamma.
  • Examination of therapeutic approaches targeting cytokine synthesis or action.

Main Results:

  • Cytokines significantly impact multiple host tissues, leading to cachexia.
  • These cytokines exhibit interrelated metabolic effects and synergistic actions.
  • Therapeutic strategies focus on inhibiting cytokine production or blocking their activity.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer cachexia is a cytokine-mediated wasting syndrome.
  • Targeting specific cytokines offers a promising therapeutic avenue.
  • Understanding cytokine interactions is crucial for effective cachexia management.