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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
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Animated graphics for comparing two risks: a cautionary tale.

Brian J Zikmund-Fisher1, Holly O Witteman, Andrea Fuhrel-Forbis

  • 1Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. bzikmund@umich.edu

Journal of Medical Internet Research
|July 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Animated risk graphics may hinder understanding of treatment side effects. Static, grouped icons are optimal for improving patient knowledge and decision-making accuracy in risk communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Health communication
  • Decision science
  • Human-computer interaction

Background:

  • Computer-administered risk communications offer potential for animated graphics to improve risk message delivery.
  • However, research on animated graphics yields mixed findings, with limited understanding of effective animation types for risk knowledge and decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of animated pictograph risk graphics versus static images in improving treatment selection accuracy based on side effect risks.

Main Methods:

  • 4198 participants evaluated hypothetical thyroid cancer treatments with varied side effects, presented via static or animated pictographs.
  • Animated formats included icons appearing one at a time, settling, or shuffling.
  • Outcomes measured were choice accuracy, knowledge accuracy, and graph evaluation, controlling for numeracy and need for cognition.

Main Results:

  • No animations significantly improved outcomes compared to static grouped icons; most animations led to performance degradation.
  • Animations where icons appeared one at a time performed similarly to static grouped icons.
  • Static or animated scattered icons performed poorly unless a 'settle' animation grouped them.

Conclusions:

  • Animated graphics, particularly those with randomly shuffling scattered icons, can inhibit knowledge accuracy.
  • Static pictographs with grouped icons demonstrate optimal performance for knowledge and choice accuracy.
  • Simpler information presentation is often more effective; caution is advised when using animated risk graphics for comparing risks.