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Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas.

William F Laurance1, D Carolina Useche, Julio Rendeiro

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Tropical forest disruption threatens global biodiversity. While some protected areas safeguard species, many face biodiversity loss due to habitat disruption and exploitation, highlighting the need for surrounding habitat conservation.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Tropical forest disruption is a primary threat to global biodiversity.
  • Protected areas are crucial refuges but face encroachment and environmental stress.
  • Assessing the long-term biodiversity-sustaining capacity of these reserves is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of tropical protected areas in conserving biodiversity over 20-30 years.
  • To identify key drivers of biodiversity change within and around these reserves.
  • To understand the ecological linkages between protected areas and their surrounding landscapes.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled a comprehensive dataset on 31 species functional groups and 21 environmental drivers.
  • Analyzed changes over 20-30 years across 60 protected areas globally.
  • Correlated reserve health with internal and external environmental changes.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in protected area 'health' observed; approximately half are effective, while others show widespread biodiversity erosion.
  • Habitat disruption, hunting, and forest-product exploitation are key predictors of declining reserve health.
  • Environmental changes outside reserves significantly impact their ecological fate, mirroring internal changes.

Conclusions:

  • Tropical protected areas are ecologically intertwined with surrounding habitats.
  • Effective conservation requires addressing threats both inside and immediately outside reserve boundaries.
  • Failure to protect surrounding landscapes will likely exacerbate biodiversity declines in protected areas.