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Coreceptor usage in different reservoirs.

Cathia Soulie1, Vincent Calvez, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin

  • 1Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, INSERM, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France.

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
|July 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This review examines HIV-1 tropism in various human tissues. R5-tropic viruses are common in genital mucosa and CNS, supporting the use of CCR5 antagonists for treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • HIV-1 establishes persistent reservoirs in tissue macrophages and microglia.
  • Viral compartmentalization leads to distinct quasi-species with varying coreceptor usage.
  • Understanding HIV-1 tropism is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the tropism of HIV-1 across different human tissue compartments.
  • To assess the implications of viral tropism for therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HIV-1 tropism.
  • Analysis of viral quasi-species and coreceptor usage in various tissues.
  • Correlation of tropism data with clinical outcomes and treatment options.

Main Results:

  • R5-tropic viruses are predominant in HIV-1 infections, particularly in the genital mucosa.
  • High concordance exists between cell-associated proviral DNA and plasma RNA tropism.
  • Central nervous system HIV-1 strains are predominantly R5-tropic.

Conclusions:

  • CCR5 antagonists are viable treatment options for patients with undetectable viral loads and determined R5 tropism.
  • Multiple methods exist for determining HIV tropism across various body compartments.
  • Targeting CCR5 offers a significant therapeutic avenue in managing HIV-1 infection.