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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Bioavailability: Influencing Factors01:22

Bioavailability: Influencing Factors

Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults
14:39

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

Human serum metabolic profiles are age dependent.

Zhonghao Yu1, Guangju Zhai, Paula Singmann

  • 1Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.

Aging Cell
|July 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Metabolomics reveals significant age-related changes in human metabolism. This study identified specific metabolites that change with age, offering insights into aging processes and healthy aging strategies.

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Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults
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Published on: December 15, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Gerontology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Understanding human aging is crucial, yet large-scale metabolic studies are limited.
  • Metabolomics offers a powerful approach to investigate age-related physiological changes.
  • Human metabolic profiles are known to change throughout the lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in metabolite concentrations in large human cohorts.
  • To identify specific metabolites associated with aging in men and women.
  • To explore the potential of metabolomics in understanding aging processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized targeted metabolomics (FIA-MS/MS) on fasting serum samples from two large population-based studies (KORA F4 and TwinsUK).
  • Quantified 131 metabolites and analyzed their association with age, adjusting for BMI.
  • Employed a discovery cohort (KORA F4) and a replication cohort (TwinsUK) for validation.

Main Results:

  • Identified 71 metabolites associated with age in women and 34 in men.
  • Discovered 13 independent age-associated metabolites in women, with 11 replicated in the TwinsUK cohort.
  • Observed increases in specific lipid metabolites (e.g., C18:1, SM C18:1) and a decrease in histidine with age.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic profiles are demonstrably age-dependent, reflecting distinct aging processes.
  • Findings suggest links between age-related metabolic changes and processes like mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.
  • Metabolomics holds significant potential for advancing the understanding of aging and promoting healthy aging.