The oxidation mechanism of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins under the atmospheric conditions - a theoretical study

The atmospheric polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) partition appreciably in the gas phase, where they undergo rapid oxidation. The atmospheric oxidation mechanisms of a few PCDDs, initiated by OH radical, are studied using density functional theory calculations. The oxidations start with OH-addition to the aromatic rings, dominantly at γ-sites, followed by the non-chlorinated β-sites; while additions to the α-sites or chlorinated sites are negligible. For PCDDs with all β-sites being chlorinated, formation of PCDD-γ-OH adducts become virtually the only reaction path. Under the atmospheric conditions, the PCDD-β/γ-OH adducts combine with O(2) slowly at rates <1s(-1). Instead, the PCDD-β-OH adducts will react with O(2) through hydrogen abstraction at rates <50s(-1), forming PCDD-β-ol, and the PCDD-γ-OH adducts will decompose to the substituted phenoxy radicals by fused-ring C-O bond cleavage at rates of 10(3) ~10(5) s(-1). The reaction mechanisms of PCDDs are drastically different from the peroxy mechanism for the atmospheric oxidations of benzene and dibenzofuran.