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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

NEDDylation regulates E2F-1-dependent transcription.

Sarah J Loftus1, Geng Liu, Simon M Carr

  • 1Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.

EMBO Reports
|July 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The study shows that NEDD8 modifies the E2F-1 transcription factor, reducing its stability and activity. This reveals a new regulatory pathway impacting cell growth and transcription.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
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12:19

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Detection of Protein Ubiquitination
09:00

Detection of Protein Ubiquitination

Published on: August 19, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 is known to modify cullin-RING ubiquitin E3 ligases.
  • The role of NEDD8 in modifying non-cullin substrates and its functional significance are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the cell-cycle-regulating transcription factor E2F-1 is a substrate for NEDD8 post-translational modification.
  • To elucidate the functional consequences of E2F-1 NEDDylation.

Main Methods:

  • Western blotting to detect NEDDylation of E2F-1.
  • Quantitative PCR and reporter assays to assess transcriptional activity.
  • Cell growth assays to evaluate the impact on proliferation.

Main Results:

  • E2F-1 was identified as a novel substrate for NEDD8 modification (NEDDylation).
  • NEDDylation of E2F-1 led to decreased protein stability and reduced transcriptional activity.
  • The modification resulted in slower cell growth, indicating a functional impact on cell cycle regulation.
  • Lysine residues targeted by NEDDylation were also found to be methylated, suggesting cross-talk between modifications.

Conclusions:

  • NEDD8 directly regulates the stability and function of the transcription factor E2F-1.
  • This study uncovers a new mechanism for controlling E2F-1 activity, impacting cell growth.
  • The findings highlight an expanding role for NEDD8 in post-translational regulation of transcription factors.