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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well
08:01

The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well

Published on: February 27, 2026

Fibrinogen gene regulation.

Richard J Fish1, Marguerite Neerman-Arbez

  • 1Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland. Richard.Fish@unige.ch

Thrombosis and Haemostasis
|July 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fibrinogen gene regulation involves promoters, enhancers, and miRNAs, impacting plasma fibrinogen levels and cardiovascular disease risk. Understanding these mechanisms reveals genetic variants influencing fibrinogen expression.

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RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well
08:01

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Published on: February 27, 2026

Experimental and Imaging Techniques for Examining Fibrin Clot Structures in Normal and Diseased States
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RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells
18:30

RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: February 13, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background:

  • Fibrinogen, essential for blood clotting, is encoded by three genes (FGB-FGA-FGG) on human chromosome four.
  • Hepatocytes coordinate fibrinogen gene expression to maintain plasma protein levels, influenced by transcription factors and acute-phase stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulation of fibrinogen genes, including transcriptional control, post-transcriptional mechanisms, and genetic variants.
  • To explore the link between fibrinogen gene regulation, circulating fibrinogen levels, and cardiovascular disease risk.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of proximal promoters and enhancer elements controlling fibrinogen gene expression.
  • Review of acute-phase stimulation effects and post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • Examination of genetic variants within fibrinogen regulatory loci and their impact on fibrinogen levels.

Main Results:

  • Fibrinogen gene expression is tightly controlled by cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors.
  • Genetic variations in regulatory regions contribute to inter-individual differences in plasma fibrinogen levels.
  • Acute-phase responses and miRNAs modulate fibrinogen production.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive understanding of fibrinogen gene regulation is crucial for identifying novel genetic variants associated with cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Further research into chromosomal architecture and regulatory mechanisms can elucidate fibrinogen expression control.