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Viral Meningitis

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...

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Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells

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Recurrent meningitis due to epidermoid.

Ajith Cherian¹, Neeraj N Baheti, H V Easwar

¹Department of Neurology, Government Medical College Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences

|July 28, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent aseptic meningitis can stem from ruptured dermoid or epidermoid cysts, causing chemical meningitis. Bacterial meningitis linked to these tumors often involves a dermal sinus tract and Staphylococcus aureus.

Keywords:

Dermoid aseptic meningitis cerebrospinal fluid neck stiffness staphylococcus aureus

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Pathology

Background:

Aseptic meningitis presents as noninfective inflammation of the meninges.
Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are congenital tumors that can affect the central nervous system.
Meningitis, inflammation of the meninges, can be caused by various factors, including infections and noninfective inflammatory processes.

Observation:

Rupture of dermoid and epidermoid cysts can release contents into the subarachnoid space.
This release can trigger a sterile, chemical meningitis.
Bacterial meningitis associated with these tumors is frequently linked to a concurrent dermal sinus tract.

Findings:

Ruptured cysts lead to aseptic chemical meningitis.
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in bacterial meningitis associated with these tumors.
Dermal sinus tracts are a common predisposing factor for bacterial meningitis in patients with these cysts.

Implications:

Understanding the link between cysts and meningitis is crucial for diagnosis and management.
Early detection and treatment of cyst rupture or sinus tracts can prevent severe neurological complications.
This highlights the importance of considering neoplastic and congenital causes in recurrent meningitis cases.