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Related Concept Videos

Gastric Motility01:16

Gastric Motility

Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...
Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a program...
Digestive Functions of the Large Intestine01:20

Digestive Functions of the Large Intestine

The large intestine is where the final stages of digestion happen. When the cecum receives chyme, it contains undigested carbohydrates that undergo fermentation. Gut bacteria ferment these carbohydrates to produce short-chain fatty acids that provide some energy and help synthesize essential vitamins.
As the chyme moves to the colon, it triggers two characteristic sluggish contractions - haustral churning and mass peristalsis. Haustral churning involves the rhythmic contraction and relaxation...
Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II  is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction. It is...
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...
Mechanical and Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine01:30

Mechanical and Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine

The small intestine plays a crucial role in our digestive system, performing both mechanical and chemical digestion.
Mechanical digestion in the small intestine involves movements such as segmentations and migrating motility complexes (MMCs), primarily controlled by the myenteric plexus. Segmentations are localized contractions occurring in areas of the intestine distended by chyme—a mixture of partially digested food. These contractions mix chyme with digestive juices, facilitating absorption...

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Studying Murine Small Bowel Mechanosensing of Luminal Particulates
10:21

Studying Murine Small Bowel Mechanosensing of Luminal Particulates

Published on: March 18, 2022

Mechanism of interdigestive migrating motor complex.

Toku Takahashi1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin and Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
|July 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The gastrointestinal migrating motor complex (MMC) involves interactions between motilin and serotonin (5-HT). Impaired gastric MMC, linked to stress and functional dyspepsia, affects stomach cleansing and can worsen post-meal symptoms.

Keywords:
Autonomic pathwaysEnterochromaffin cellMotilinSerotonin

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Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice
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Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice

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Studying Murine Small Bowel Mechanosensing of Luminal Particulates
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Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice
07:41

Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The migrating motor complex (MMC) is a series of contractions in the gastrointestinal tract during the interdigestive period.
  • Functional dyspepsia is associated with stress and impaired gastrointestinal motility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms regulating gastrointestinal migrating motor complex (MMC).
  • To explore the role of motilin and serotonin (5-HT) in MMC regulation.
  • To investigate the impact of stress on gastric MMC and its relevance to functional dyspepsia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MMC physiology and regulation.
  • Analysis of studies involving luminal and intravenous administration of motilin and 5-HT in conscious dogs.
  • Examination of the effects of 5-HT receptor antagonists on MMC phases.
  • Assessment of acoustic stress effects on gastric and intestinal MMC.

Main Results:

  • Gastrointestinal MMC is mediated by a positive feedback loop between motilin and 5-HT.
  • Gastric MMC regulation involves the vagus nerve, 5-HT(3/4) receptors, and motilin.
  • Intestinal MMC regulation involves intrinsic primary afferent neurons and 5-HT(4) receptors.
  • Acoustic stress impairs gastric phase III via reduced vagal and increased sympathetic activity, mimicking findings in some functional dyspepsia patients.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between motilin and 5-HT is crucial for the gastrointestinal MMC cycle.
  • Impaired gastric MMC, potentially due to stress-induced autonomic dysfunction, contributes to postprandial dyspeptic symptoms.
  • Maintaining normal gastric MMC function is important for preventing symptoms in functional dyspepsia.