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Related Concept Videos

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
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Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...

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Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
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Published on: May 10, 2018

Drugs affecting HbA1c levels.

Ranjit Unnikrishnan1, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Viswanathan Mohan

  • 1Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|July 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain non-diabetic medications can alter glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, potentially misrepresenting diabetes mellitus glycemic control. This review examines these medications and their mechanisms, highlighting factors that can impact HbA1c accuracy.

Keywords:
Dapsonediabetesglycated hemoglobin

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a key biomarker for assessing glycemic control in diabetes mellitus.
  • Accurate HbA1c interpretation is crucial for diabetes diagnosis and treatment decisions.
  • Certain non-diabetic medications can interfere with HbA1c measurements, leading to inaccurate glycemic control assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review non-diabetic medications that inappropriately affect HbA1c levels.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which these medications alter HbA1c readings.
  • To inform clinicians about potential confounders in HbA1c interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating drug effects on HbA1c.
  • Analysis of proposed biochemical and physiological mechanisms of drug interference.
  • Synthesis of findings on medications that falsely elevate or lower HbA1c.

Main Results:

  • Several classes of non-diabetic medications are identified as potentially altering HbA1c levels.
  • Mechanisms include effects on red blood cell lifespan, hemoglobin glycation rates, and assay interference.
  • Examples include certain antivirals, opioids, and iron supplements.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians must consider concurrent non-diabetic medication use when interpreting HbA1c results.
  • Awareness of drug-induced HbA1c alterations is essential for accurate diabetes management.
  • Further research may be needed to fully understand and quantify these medication effects.