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Goiter

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Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...

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Nodular goiter with multiple cystic and solid swellings.

Ashu Rastogi¹, Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, Anil Bhansali

¹Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

|July 28, 2012

Summary

Follicular thyroid carcinoma can metastasize to the scalp and arm, causing bone fractures. Early diagnosis and treatment, including surgery and radioiodine therapy, led to a five-year disease-free survival in this case.

Keywords:

Follicular thyroid carcinoma metastasis radioiodine ablation

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Surgical Pathology

Background:

Thyroid nodules are common, with a low malignancy rate (5%).
Follicular thyroid carcinoma is a subtype of thyroid cancer.
Metastasis from thyroid cancer can occur, but extrathyroidal spread is less common.

Observation:

A patient presented with nodular goiter and unusual swellings on the scalp and arm.
These swellings were associated with pathological fractures, indicating bone involvement.
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy was performed on the swellings.

Findings:

FNA revealed metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma in the scalp and arm lesions.
The findings confirmed extrathyroidal spread of the thyroid malignancy.
This presentation highlights a rare manifestation of follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Implications:

This case underscores the importance of thorough evaluation for extrathyroidal metastases in thyroid cancer patients.
Aggressive management, including total thyroidectomy, radioiodine ablation, and surgical resection of metastatic lesions, can achieve long-term remission.
The successful outcome emphasizes the efficacy of a multimodal treatment approach for advanced follicular thyroid carcinoma.