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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

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Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting
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Published on: September 25, 2012

Balancing noise and plasticity in eukaryotic gene expression.

Djordje Bajić1, Juan F Poyatos

  • 1Logic of Genomic Systems Laboratory, Spanish National Biotechnology Centre, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. jpoyatos@cnb.csic.es

BMC Genomics
|July 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Gene expression noise and plasticity are coupled by various factors. Different regulatory architectures, like chromatin and bidirectional promoters, modulate this linkage, impacting gene function and adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression stochasticity (noise) and plasticity are coupled, influencing gene function and adaptation.
  • Factors like transcription re-initiation, chromatin regulation, and genome organization contribute to this coupling.
  • The interplay of these factors varies across genes, prompting investigation into alternative regulatory architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify alternative gene expression regulatory architectures that modulate the linkage between noise and plasticity.
  • To understand how different mechanisms contribute to or decouple gene expression noise and plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of chromatin regulation patterns in relation to gene expression noise and plasticity.
  • Investigation of translational efficiency and transcript length in genes with poor transcriptional control.
  • Examination of genome neighboring organization, specifically bidirectional promoters, and their effect on noise-plasticity coupling.

Main Results:

  • Strong chromatin regulation can lead to plasticity without noise, with specific activators associated with noiseless plasticity and specific repressors with noisy plasticity.
  • In genes with poor transcriptional control, translational efficiency, not transcript length, differentiates noise from plasticity.
  • Bidirectional promoters reduce noise but also decrease plasticity, indicating a trade-off and a paradox between intergenic distances and modulation.

Conclusions:

  • The balancing of expression variability coupling is a key force in genome regulation and organization.
  • Different genes employ distinct control strategies based on their functional constraints, reflecting diverse approaches to managing noise and plasticity.